A piston ring is a type of seal used in internal combustion engines, which is located in the groove of the engine piston and is sealed and lubricated by contact with the cylinder wall. Piston rings are mainly made of metal materials, usually steel or cast iron, and the surface is specially treated to improve its performance.
Piston rings have the following important roles in internal combustion engines:
Sealing action: The piston ring prevents the gas in the combustion chamber from leaking into the crankcase by forming a sealing gap between the piston ring and the cylinder wall, and also prevents the oil lubricant in the crankcase from entering the combustion chamber. This sealing action ensures efficient operation of the engine and avoids energy loss and increased pollutant emissions.
Lubrication: There are usually tiny grooves and holes on the piston ring to store lubricating oil and reduce friction and wear between the piston and the cylinder wall through the lubricating layer formed by the oil film. This lubrication is very important to extend engine life and improve efficiency.
Heat conduction: The piston ring can conduct heat from the piston to the cylinder wall, helping to control the temperature of the piston and prevent engine damage from overheating.
Depending on the location and function, pistons are usually equipped with multiple rings, including Compression rings and Oil Control rings:
Compression ring: The compression ring is located at the top of the piston ring group and its main role is to seal the combustion chamber and help cool the piston by conducting heat. It is usually made of one or more layers of metal material with high elasticity and wear resistance.
Oil control ring: The oil control ring is located at the bottom of the piston ring group, and its main function is to control the supply of lubricating oil to ensure the correct lubrication and sealing effect. The oil control Ring usually consists of two parts: the Scraper Ring and the oil diffusion ring.
The design and material selection of the piston ring is very important, and it is necessary to take into account the operating conditions of the engine, temperature, cylinder wall surface coating and other factors. A suitable piston ring ensures proper engine operation, increases combustion efficiency and reduces energy loss.
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